Background: Evidences suggest an association between the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) with Recurrent abortions and infertility. Iodine deficiency was once endemic in Iran and little data is available about the prevalence of these antibodies in different groups of fertile or infertile individuals.Objective: This case control study was designed to compare the presence of anti-TPO and anti-Tg in four groups of women to reveal their role in the etiology of Recurrent abortion and infertility.Materials and Methods: Four groups of euthyroid women referring to Avicenna Infertility Clinic in Tehran were selected; 95 cases as fertile controls and 70, 78 and 137 cases with male and female factor infertility and Recurrent abortion respectively. TSH, anti-TPO and anti-Tg were evaluated by chemiluminescent immunoassay.Results: The prevalence of the above mentioned autoantibodies in euthyroid controls was about 25% and the percentage of people with an anti-Tg >500 was two times bigger in the abortion group compared to the control group (p<0.05) and the proportion of people with an anti-Tg >500 in younger cases in the abortion group was significantly higher than the rest of the cases (p<0.05). Anti-TPO distribution had no significant differences.Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences among four groups. It seems that more comprehensive studies are needed to reach a common conclusion about thyroid autoantibodies in women with Recurrent abortions in different groups and different parts of Iran. In addition, dividing the Recurrent abortion and infertility groups on the basis of their etiologies could be effective.

One of the major causes of spontaneous abortion before the fourth month of pregnancy is chromosomal abnormalities. We report an unusual case of a familial balanced chromosomal translocation in a consanguineous couple who experienced 4 spontaneous abortions. Chromosomal studies were performed on the basis of Gbanding technique at high resolution and revealed 46, XX, t (16, 6) (p12, q26) and 46, XY, t (16, 6) (p12, q26) in both partners, which induced such pregnancy complications.Chromosomal balanced translocation is one of the most common causes of Recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). In such cases prenatal diagnosis (PND) during the 16th week of gestation is strongly recommended.

Introduction: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages, which affects 0.8 to 1% of pregnant women. Despite several well-established etiologic factors, the cause of RSA cannot be determined in almost 60% of the cases. It has been postulated that a part of these repeated pregnancy losses might be due to immune causes. Material and Methods: In the present case control study using flowcytometry, peripheral NK cytotoxicity was compared in three different groups. 21 women with history of RSA at the time of3nl or higher abortion (Group 1),32 women with history of three or more previous abortions and at least three months had lapsed since the last abortion (Group II)and 32 pregnant women with no history of abortion and at least one successful pregnancy (Group Ill) were studied. Results: Group I and Group II showed significantly higher NK cytotoxicity than Group III in all of the effect to target (E: T) ratios (p≤0.045 and P≤0.002respectively). NK cytotoxicity was similar in groups I and 11. There were no significant correlation betWeen the number of abortions, age and NK cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The results indicate an increased peripheral NK cell cytotoxicity in RSA groups as compared to pregnant control. NK cell cytotoxicity may be considered as a risk factor for RSA and for maintaining normal pregnancy, NK cell cytotoxicity may be down-regulated. Peripheral NK cytotoxicity is not elevated during first trimester in RSA women. It is suggested that detection of NK cytotoxicity in RSA women should be performed as a routine.

Introduction: Some studies on human beings have suggested that during normal pregnancies an increase in the number of Th2 cells and in women with Recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) an increase in Th1 cells takes place. The Cross-link of CD26 and CD3 on T-cells with immobilized monoclonal antibodies results in T-cell proliferation and IL-2 (Th1 cytokine) production. CD30 has been described as being preferentially expressed, and sCD30 preferentially released by human T-cells that produce Th2-type cytokines. The objective of this study was to determine whether serum levels of soluble CD26 (sCD26) and CD30 (sCD30) as markers of Th1 and Th2, alter in patients with a history of Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and whether there is any correlation between cytokine production by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum levels of soluble CD26 and CD30.Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study on two different groups of people referred to Yazd Research and Clinical Center for Infertility. The case group consisted of 21 women with at least 3 abortions. The participants were visited on the day of their last abortion. The control group consisted of 32 pregnant women without any abortions and with a history of at least one successfully terminated pregnancy. The serum levels of sCD26 and sCD30 and levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IFNγ in the cell culture supernatant were evaluated by ELISA method and then they were compared.Results: The levels of sCD26 and sCD30 were similar in women with RSA and in the controls. The production of IL-2 by PBMCs in women with RSA was higher than that of the controls (p=0.001) but the level of IL-10 was higher in the controls than women with RSA (p=0.002). There was no correlation between the levels of sCD26, sCD30 and cytokines in the two groups.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the serum levels of sCD26 and sCD30 are no indicators for RSA but the elevation of IL-2 and decrease of IL-10 in women with RSA may be considered as risk factors for Recurrent spontaneous abortions.

Background & Objective: One of the major genetic causes of Recurrent spontaneous abortions is parental chromosomal abnormalities. The objectives of the study were to determine, compare and analyze the incidence and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with Recurrent miscarriages from Northeastern Iran. Methods: This study was conducted at Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. We evaluated karyotype results of 608 couples with history of Recurrent spontaneous abortion. The standard method was used for culturing peripheral venous blood lymphocytes. Results: Chromosome aberrations were detected in 43 patients (3. 54%), including 25 females and 18 males. Structural chromosomal abnormality was detected in 40 cases, including balanced translocations (25 cases), robertsonian translocations (4 cases), inversions (10 cases) and numerical chromosome aberrations (3 cases). Polymorphic variants were observed in 22 individuals. Conclusion: The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) in our study is 3. 54%. Reciprocal translocation, pericentric inversions, robertsonian translocations, and numerical abnormality observed among couples who had experienced Recurrent spontaneous abortions and that these couples might benefit from cytogenetic analysis.

Recurrent abortion is a critical problem in which many factors play a crucial role such as anticordiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of anticardiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody in pregnancy failures in women with the history of Recurrent pregnancy loss. In 154 women with the history of two or more Recurrent pregnancy losses, serum anticardiolipin and serum antiphospholipid were measured using ELISA method. The positive IgG anticardiolipin and IgG antiphospholipid were detected in 12. 34% (19 patients) and 6.5% (10 patients) of patients respectively. Although 16 out of 19 patients with positive IgG anticardiolipin were negative for IgG antiphospholipid and 7 out of 10 patients with positive IgG antiphosphplipid were negative IgG anticardiolipin, but there was a significant correlation between IgG anticardiolipin and IgG antiphaspholipid ( r = 0.222 p=0.000). Our data concluded that anticardiolipin antibody is found to be more important than anti phospholipid antibody in Recurrent abortion.

Aims: Recurrent abortions comprise almost 15% of diagnosed pregnancies. Chromosomal inversions, as a type of chromosomal rearrangements can result in abortion or the birth of abnormal neonates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chromosome inversions (pericentric and paracentric) in patients with Recurrent abortions. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 2299 couples with Recurrent abortions referred to Sarem women’ s hospital (Tehran, Iran) during 2006 to 2014. The structure of autosomal and sex chromosomes were studied using high resolution GTG banding and C banding techniques. Findings: In total, 49 (2. 1%) patients showed chromosomal inversions. Pericentric inversion around centromere of chromosome 9 (p11. 2q13) was observed in 29 patients (1. 26%). Chromosomal inversions were found in heterochromatin region of chromosome 1 in one patient and chromosome Y in one other patient. Pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 was also found in one patient. Chromosomal inversion involving other autosomal chromosomes included pericentric inversion of chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 11 and 12, and paracentric inversion of chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 8, and 12 (0. 44%). Conclusion: The prevalence of pericentric and paracentric chromosomal inversions in patients with abortion history is 2. 1%. The rate of pericentric inversions of chromosome 9 in p11. 2q13regions is 1. 26% that is similar to the normal populations and it has no clinical significance.

Background and Objective: Gene mutations leading to thrombophilic disorders and changes in blood coagulation factors during pregnancy play an important role in the occurrence of Recurrent abortions. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between polymorphism of thrombophilic genes and coagulation factors in women with Recurrent miscarriage. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 29 women with a history of Recurrent abortions (at least three times) were investigated. Demographic data were collected. Total genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. The presence or absence of mutation in factor II (G20210A), factor V Leiden (G1691A), factor V HR2 (H1299R), MTHFR C677T, and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were assessed by PCR. Results: Coagulation factors and thrombophilic mutations had no significant association with Recurrent miscarriage. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that none of the studied polymorphisms could justify frequent abortions in women. Therefore, it is suggested to evaluate genetic factors in normal individuals or immediate and extended family of the study population with no miscarriage history.